Compilation and interpretation techniques, including program representation, analysis, and transformation; code generation, optimization, and synthesis; the verification thereof

Run-time techniques, including memory management, virtual machines, and dynamic and just-in-time compilation

Programming tools, including refactoring editors, checkers, verifiers, compilers, debuggers, and profilers

Techniques for specific domains, such as secure, parallel, distributed, embedded or mobile environments

Design and implementation of novel language constructs, programming models, and domain-specific languages