The discovery of graphene was a paradigm shift in our understanding of low-dimensional materials and, for the first time, proved that a two-dimensional (2D) material is possible. Even though graphene is considered transformational, it is only the “tip of the iceberg.” There are now a wide variety of 2D and layered materials that provide a rich environment for exploration, leading to novel properties and phenomenon. Additionally, synthesizing and heterogeneously combining atomically thin organic and inorganic layers to form vertical and lateral heterostructures are the next step in advancing the field of 2D materials. Heterogeneous integration of conducting, semiconducting, insulating, and polymer 2D materials has been predicted to lead to completely novel optoelectronic properties, resulting in novel and widely tunable electronic and opto-electronic properties entirely different from the constituent layers. These exciting predictions are beginning to be experimentally proven and therefore it is the right time to host a session focused on 2D materials that represents the broad base of non-graphene research.