Groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS) is an important variable influencing soil salinization in irrigated areas. In this study, distribution mapping and statistical analysis of groundwater TDS were performed based on 136 water samples collected in June and November 2015. The distribution map showed that high TDS was found to be predominately located in the southwestern area, where evapotranspiration is significant. Groundwater TDS shows an upward trend in November compared to June. SPSS was used in development of the groundwater TDS distribution pattern. The groundwater TDS values were found to be not normally distributed in June and November, but a log-normal distribution of TDS from June was found. The results are of great significance to water quality control and rationally exploit groundwater resources in Yaoba Oasis.