In recent years, domestic earthquake caused the collapse building rural dwellings accounts for a great proportion, most of the farmers, the rural houses and villages and towns public facilities become a danger to farmers' life, have caused heavy casualties of the important hidden trouble. In reality,small earthquake may lead to medium damage and large earthquake may produce severe damage in rural area of China.The lessons learnt from 2008 Wenchuan earthquake demonstrate the importance and urgency about this problem.This article is based on the sample survey to the building stage , structure and ground base of buildings in Shanxi province , through the statistical analysis. The rural residential space distribution and seismic performance were analyzed, and the rural building in Shanxi Province of earthquake resistance and disaster mitigation measures and suggestions are given.The result is significant to reconstructing of old houses and design of new buildings in future.