This study samples 1737 students of 10 schools from 5 different provinces in China to explore the relationship between secondary school students’ ideals and their self-esteem and well-being. The conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the overall ideal of secondary school students was positive, and female students reported higher level of their ideals than male students. Secondly, secondary school students’ moral ideal, life ideal, education ideal, and ego ideal correlated with their self-esteem significantly, and their moral ideal, life ideal, education ideal, ego ideal, social ideal, and vocation ideal correlated with their well-beings significantly. Thirdly, secondary school students’ idealities played an important role in predicting self-esteem and well-being.