The unique terrain and complex atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) processes result in a distinctive spatiotemporal distribution of dust in the Tarim Basin (TB); however, this distribution remains unclear under continuous clear-sky conditions. In this study, 382 cases were selected to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of dust and its potential mechanisms based on MERRA-2 and ERA5 reanalysis datasets combined with MODIS satellite observations during the warm seasons from 2000 to 2023. The dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD) at the margin of the TB increased with time on July 24–27, 2016. The climatological characteristics showed a high DAOD in the northern, western, and southwestern regions and a relatively low DAOD in the central area. Nocturnal low-level jets dominated by northeasterly winds enhance the low-level westward airflow in weak anticyclonic systems, causing dust accumulation in the west and north of the basin. Vertical mixing within the ABL during the daytime increases dust loading in the residual layer, and these dust particles can ascend to high altitudes after breaking through the ABL by the vertical circulation. The dust loading at the lower level during the daytime was higher than that at night, whereas the opposite was true for the upper level. The downward airflow in the northwest slope of the Tibetan plateau weakens at night, leading to dust being uplifted to higher altitudes and transported outside the TB by the westerlies. These results enhance our understanding of dust distribution and related mechanisms in TB and support the development and utilization of climatic resources in this region.

dust, Tarim Basin, continuous clear-sky