Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a targeted cancer treatment in which a Boron-10 compound is selectively absorbed by cancer or tumor cells, followed by irradiation with epithermal neutrons. This reaction effectively destroys the boron containing cancerous or tumor cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The advancement of accelerators to produce neutrons has greatly expanded BNCT research and clinical trials, leading to the establishment of Accelerator-based BNCT (AB-BNCT) facilities. However, the secondary radiation generated during neutron production presents significant challenges, requiring effective shielding to ensure the safety of both patients and workers. This review examines the sources of secondary radiation, such as neutrons and gamma rays, in AB BNCT facilities, exploring their impact on facility operation, safety, and radiation protection measures. Additionally, it explores the innovative application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing tumor image segmentation, refining treatment planning, assessing secondary radiation sources, and optimizing shielding materials. As BNCT and radiotherapy evolve, integrating AI into these fields promises significant advancements.

AB-BNCT, AI, Beam Shaping Assembly, Secondary Radiation, Shielding, Radioactivity