Abstract: The economic prosperity and development of border areas is not only the basis for building modern border defense, but also an important part of building an integrated national strategic system and capabilities. In the context of intensified strategic competition among major powers and economic de-globalization, the contradiction between economic construction and national defense construction in land border areas is prominent, affecting regional economic development and the security and stability of the country as a whole. From the perspective of the integrated national strategic system and capacity, there are still some problems in the economic development of China's border areas, such as the mismatch between the economic foundation and the needs of national defense construction, the incompatibility between the level of infrastructure and the military needs of modern frontier defense, and the lack of endogenous power in economic development. By strengthening top-level design, strengthening overall coordination, and deepening collaborative innovation of military and civilian science and technology, we can optimize the industrial structure in border areas, thereby improving the efficiency of economic governance and modern border defense capabilities in border areas.