Digital Photographic Deformation Measurement (DPDM) is a large-range, reusable, high-precision, and full-field non-contact deformation measurement method that can be used for rock deformation measurement. However, due to the limitations of the resolution of the current camera, it is difficult to achieve higher accuracy in the strain measurement. Therefore, this paper proposes a resolution multiplier strain measurement method based on microscopic DPDM and develops a resolution multiplier strain measurement image acquisition device that can increase the camera resolution by 8 times. A 2D plane measurement experiment and a 3D curved surface measurement experiment are used to verify the effect of this method. Through experiments, it was found that after using the resolution doubling rock strain measurement method based on microscopic DPDM proposed in this paper, the results of the 2D DPDM method are close to those of the resistance strain gauge measurement method in the 2D plane measurement experiment, and the maximum strain measurement error of the two methods is only within 20με. In the 3D curved surface measurement experiment, the maximum error of the 3D DPDM method and the resistance strain gauge measurement method is 137με, and the precision of the 3D DPDM method is 2.7 times higher than that of the rock strain measurement method without using resolution multiplication.