To reduce the negative effects of transportation on congestion, safety, and the environment in large city centers, one technology-enabled opportunity that recently has received much attention is the use of Autonomous Delivery Vehicles (ADV) to support freight transportation focusing on last-mile delivery. An innovative last-mile delivery concept is proposed that a van collaborates with an ADV to make deliveries, which gives rise to a new layer of the Vehicle Routing Problem (TSP) that we call it Two echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with mixed vehicles (2E-VRP-MV). This paper presents a mathematical formulation for the van-ADV two-echelon vehicle routing problem. The primary objective of this study is to develop a mixed-integer program model in terms of minimizing the logistics operating cost and emission using van-ADV. The formulation captures the van-ADV characteristics during the ADV dispatching and accounts for operation constraints related to capacity limitations. Also, we would like to apply it to an experiment considering the impact of customer density.

CICTP