As comprehensive transportation system structure and the market environment have changed with the rapid development of high-speed rail and civil aviation industries in recent years, problems such as low efficiency of road passenger transportation and unreasonable allocation of resources have been more salient. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of road passenger transportation industry reasonably. In this paper, the relevant model of DEA and Malmquist index method are described, and the performance evaluation index system of highway passenger transport industry is constructed by using the idea of input-output to empirically analyze the performance level of highway passenger transport industry in Shaanxi Province from 2006 to 2017 and the dynamic changes of highway passenger transport industry performance in different periods. It is found that the overall efficiencies from 2008 to 2010 and from 2013 to 2017 are less than 1 and the performance level is relatively low affected by some factors such as the lagging of government policy and competition of high-speed rail and civil aviation transportation mode. However, with the proposal of "the Belt and Road Initiative" in 2014, the pilot implementation of the diversified travel mode based on the tourism industry in 2015 and the government's increasing attention to the rational planning of the scale of the road passenger transport industry, the scale efficiency and technical efficiency of highway passenger transport industry will be further improved in the future, realizing long-term, diversified and comprehensive development

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