In this paper, nonlinear energy sink (NES) and particle damping (PD) technology are combined to study the vibration suppression effect for single-disk rotor system. Firstly, particle damping nonlinear energy sink (PDNES) is proposed. The cubic stiffness of PDNES is fitted by piecewise linear stiffness. The damping model of PDNES is established by two-phrase flow theory of gas-solid. The dynamic model of the rotor system is established by finite element method. Secondly, the damping dynamic model of PDNES is simulated and analyzed, considering different sizes of particle containers, different diameters of particles, and different particle filling rate. The suppression ability of PDNES in the transient and steady-state vibration is studied, compared with the ordinary NES without particle damper and linear dynamic vibration absorber (LDVA). Finally, the rotor-PDNES system experimental platform is established to verify the simulation results.