In order to explore the influence of the presence or absence of ventilation on the diffusion of cough droplets in the car when the elevator is moving up and down and opening and closing the door, based on the principle of computational fluid dynamics gas-solid two-phase flow, the Realizable k-ε turbulence model and particle track are used to simulate and study the diffusion process of droplets produced by a person’s cough on the elevator up and down for 1 minute(min), and the diffusion process of droplets when the door is opened and closed for 10 seconds (s). To compare the temperature change, air velocity change, droplet diffusion characteristics and concentration distribution in the elevator When there is a wind or no wind here and the elevator goes up and down, there is a wind and when the door is opened and closed. The results showed that when the elevator went up and down, under no wind conditions the average temperature in the elevator was 8 degrees Celsius (°C) higher than that under wind conditions for 1 minute; In windy conditions, the average temperature of the elevator was 26°C. when the elevator was running up and down, and the downside was 0.05°C lower than the upside; The average temperature of the elevator after opening and closing the door was concentrated at 26°C. Compared with the unopened door, the temperature difference was small. Due to the obvious thermal plume of the human body in the elevator, the droplet particles were forced to suspend inside the elevator. The difference in the suspension ratio caused by the upward and downward movement under wind and no wind is within 1%. The up and down movement had little effect on the deposition and suspension of particles. In the case of wind, the downward deposition rate is faster than that of the upward movement. At 1 minute, the suspended proportion reaches 15%, and both of them continue to decline; Under no wind conditions, the particles can settle quickly before 30s, and the suspension was reduced by about 10% compared with wind conditions. After 30s, under wind conditions, the amount of suspended particles would gradually decrease, while the steady state of no wind would be maintained at 30%; When the elevator door was opened, the suspended particles accounted for 5% lower than that closed conditions at 5s. After the door is opened for 10s, the trend was consistent with the upward and downward suspending with the wind, indicating that opening the elevator door can speed up the deposition of droplets to a certain extent. Compared the average concentration of droplets at the same time under different operating conditions. At 60s, the average concentration under no wind is 2 times that under wind; At 5s, when there is wind and the door is opened, the average concentration in the elevator is 5% lower than that when the door is not opened and there is a wind. Good ventilation can effectively control the amount of particles suspended in the elevator, but in the current elevator internal ventilation setting, cannot timely and effective cleaning internal air, therefore, the appropriate ventilation volume should be selected to control the flow of particles, do a good job at the disinfection work, to ensure the cleanliness of the air inside the elevator, to provide a good environment for passengers.