Accurate detection and quantification of Amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation are crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite advancements, conventional fluorescence imaging techniques still struggle to precisely monitor specific aggregation states. In this study, we developed NIR-Aβ, a polarity-sensitive fluorescent lifetime probe, to monitor Aβ protein aggregation dynamics during AD progression. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm NIR-Aβ's Aβ-specific targeting, high polarity detection sensitivity, and excellent blood-brain barrier penetration. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) with NIR-Aβ, we successfully tracked Aβ aggregation dynamics in photobiomodulation experiments. Interestingly, we observed significant changes in Aβ aggregation fluorescence lifetime following photobiomodulation treatment, despite unchanged morphology, decreasing from 1.5 ns to 0.8 ns. These findings pave the way for accurately assessing and quantifying photobiomodulation therapy's impact on AD using FLIM, enhancing therapeutic evaluation and clinical outcome prediction.