In order to build a sustainable biomass supply chain. In this paper, the life cycle assessment method is used to carry out economic evaluation, environmental assessment and social evaluation of straw supply chain. The influence of current national policy on straw supply chain is analyzed, and the sustainable development evaluation model of straw supply chain is established. Then we study the impact of different policies on the different links of supply chain and the promotion effect on the sustainable development of straw supply chain. The results show that the government's policy has a great influence on the sustainable development of straw supply chain. In the straw harvest season, the national policy guidance can increase the amount of straw harvest, reduce the collection cost of enterprises using straw, and improve the social benefits of straw supply chain. Government policies can promote the use of straw, replace fossil fuels and reduce the impact on the environment. For enterprises who using straw, government policy support (including land policy, tax policy, financial support, pricing of straw conversion products, etc.) is especially important for sustainable development of enterprises. Then, the sustainable development trend of straw supply chain was studied with the policy changes. Sensitivity analysis of sustainable development of straw supply chain is carried out. Finally, we put forward policy Suggestions to promote the sustainable development of straw supply chain.